---
_id: '461'
alternative_title:
- Improving Multiple-Group confirmatory factor analysis in R – A tutorial in measurement
  invariance with continuous and ordinal indicators
author:
- first_name: Gerrit
  full_name: Hirschfeld, Gerrit
  id: '234690'
  last_name: Hirschfeld
  orcid: 0000-0003-2143-4564
  orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0003-2143-4564/work/177064013
- first_name: R.
  full_name: von Brachel, R.
  last_name: von Brachel
citation:
  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hirschfeld, Gerrit</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">von Brachel, R.</span>: Multiple-Group confirmatory
    factor analysis in R -- A tutorial in measurement invariance with continuous and
    ordinal indicators. In: <i>Practical Assessment, Research &#38; Evaluation</i>
    Bd. 19, ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation (2014), Nr. 7'
  ama: Hirschfeld G, von Brachel R. Multiple-Group confirmatory factor analysis in
    R -- A tutorial in measurement invariance with continuous and ordinal indicators.
    <i>Practical Assessment, Research &#38; Evaluation</i>. 2014;19(7). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.7275/qazy-2946">10.7275/qazy-2946</a>
  apa: Hirschfeld, G., &#38; von Brachel, R. (2014). Multiple-Group confirmatory factor
    analysis in R -- A tutorial in measurement invariance with continuous and ordinal
    indicators. <i>Practical Assessment, Research &#38; Evaluation</i>, <i>19</i>(7).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.7275/qazy-2946">https://doi.org/10.7275/qazy-2946</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Hirschfeld_von Brachel_2014, title={Multiple-Group confirmatory
    factor analysis in R -- A tutorial in measurement invariance with continuous and
    ordinal indicators}, volume={19}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.7275/qazy-2946">10.7275/qazy-2946</a>},
    number={7}, journal={Practical Assessment, Research &#38; Evaluation}, publisher={ERIC
    Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation}, author={Hirschfeld, Gerrit and von
    Brachel, R.}, year={2014} }'
  chicago: Hirschfeld, Gerrit, and R. von Brachel. “Multiple-Group Confirmatory Factor
    Analysis in R -- A Tutorial in Measurement Invariance with Continuous and Ordinal
    Indicators.” <i>Practical Assessment, Research &#38; Evaluation</i> 19, no. 7
    (2014). <a href="https://doi.org/10.7275/qazy-2946">https://doi.org/10.7275/qazy-2946</a>.
  ieee: G. Hirschfeld and R. von Brachel, “Multiple-Group confirmatory factor analysis
    in R -- A tutorial in measurement invariance with continuous and ordinal indicators,”
    <i>Practical Assessment, Research &#38; Evaluation</i>, vol. 19, no. 7, 2014.
  mla: Hirschfeld, Gerrit, and R. von Brachel. “Multiple-Group Confirmatory Factor
    Analysis in R -- A Tutorial in Measurement Invariance with Continuous and Ordinal
    Indicators.” <i>Practical Assessment, Research &#38; Evaluation</i>, vol. 19,
    no. 7, ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation, 2014, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.7275/qazy-2946">10.7275/qazy-2946</a>.
  short: G. Hirschfeld, R. von Brachel, Practical Assessment, Research &#38; Evaluation
    19 (2014).
date_created: 2019-05-28T12:24:24Z
date_updated: 2026-03-17T15:29:03Z
doi: 10.7275/qazy-2946
intvolume: '        19'
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
publication: Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1531-7714
publisher: ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation
status: public
title: Multiple-Group confirmatory factor analysis in R -- A tutorial in measurement
  invariance with continuous and ordinal indicators
type: journal_article
user_id: '35437'
volume: 19
year: '2014'
...