---
_id: '6919'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Gillian
  full_name: Kant, Gillian
  last_name: Kant
- first_name: Talip
  full_name: Alkaher, Talip
  last_name: Alkaher
- first_name: Timo
  full_name: Kivimaki, Timo
  last_name: Kivimaki
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Weisser, Christoph
  id: '264138'
  last_name: Weisser
citation:
  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kant, Gillian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Alkaher,
    Talip</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kivimaki, Timo</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Weisser, Christoph</span>: The Word and
    the Bullet: Out-Grouping and Threat Framing as Predictors of Islamic State Targeting,
    2015-2020. In: <i>Terrorism and Political Violence</i>, Taylor &#38; Francis (2025)'
  ama: 'Kant G, Alkaher T, Kivimaki T, Weisser C. The Word and the Bullet: Out-Grouping
    and Threat Framing as Predictors of Islamic State Targeting, 2015-2020. <i>Terrorism
    and Political Violence</i>. 2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2025.2561194">10.1080/09546553.2025.2561194</a>'
  apa: 'Kant, G., Alkaher, T., Kivimaki, T., &#38; Weisser, C. (2025). The Word and
    the Bullet: Out-Grouping and Threat Framing as Predictors of Islamic State Targeting,
    2015-2020. <i>Terrorism and Political Violence</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2025.2561194">https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2025.2561194</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Kant_Alkaher_Kivimaki_Weisser_2025, title={The Word and the Bullet:
    Out-Grouping and Threat Framing as Predictors of Islamic State Targeting, 2015-2020},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2025.2561194">10.1080/09546553.2025.2561194</a>},
    journal={Terrorism and Political Violence}, publisher={Taylor &#38; Francis},
    author={Kant, Gillian and Alkaher, Talip and Kivimaki, Timo and Weisser, Christoph},
    year={2025} }'
  chicago: 'Kant, Gillian, Talip Alkaher, Timo Kivimaki, and Christoph Weisser. “The
    Word and the Bullet: Out-Grouping and Threat Framing as Predictors of Islamic
    State Targeting, 2015-2020.” <i>Terrorism and Political Violence</i>, 2025. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2025.2561194">https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2025.2561194</a>.'
  ieee: 'G. Kant, T. Alkaher, T. Kivimaki, and C. Weisser, “The Word and the Bullet:
    Out-Grouping and Threat Framing as Predictors of Islamic State Targeting, 2015-2020,”
    <i>Terrorism and Political Violence</i>, 2025.'
  mla: 'Kant, Gillian, et al. “The Word and the Bullet: Out-Grouping and Threat Framing
    as Predictors of Islamic State Targeting, 2015-2020.” <i>Terrorism and Political
    Violence</i>, Taylor &#38; Francis, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2025.2561194">10.1080/09546553.2025.2561194</a>.'
  short: G. Kant, T. Alkaher, T. Kivimaki, C. Weisser, Terrorism and Political Violence
    (2025).
date_created: 2026-05-28T11:14:07Z
date_updated: 2026-05-29T07:23:35Z
doi: 10.1080/09546553.2025.2561194
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
publication: Terrorism and Political Violence
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1556-1836
  issn:
  - 0954-6553
publication_status: published
publisher: Taylor & Francis
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'The Word and the Bullet: Out-Grouping and Threat Framing as Predictors of
  Islamic State Targeting, 2015-2020'
type: journal_article
user_id: '220548'
year: '2025'
...