---
_id: '7037'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The development of resource-efficient products based on a comprehensive assessment
    of the R-principles is becoming increasingly important in the context of the Eco-Design
    Regulation. However, there is no basis for assessing c-Si photovoltaic modules
    in the context of REpair, REfurbish, and REmanufacture. The aim of this study
    is therefore to create an assessment basis including a definition framework and
    a selection of priority parts. The results are a basic functional and structural
    analysis, an initial catalog of criteria for a semi-quantitative assessment method,
    and a weighting of priority parts. It becomes clear that individual cells and
    connection components are particularly relevant for REpair and REfurbish. For
    REmanufacture, attention should be paid to the entirety of the cells, the frame,
    and the glass. Overall, a method is created that, in application, lays the foundation
    for a sustainable product design of photovoltaic modules improved for the circular
    economy and can be further optimized.              '
article_number: '5612'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Anna Katharina
  full_name: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina
  id: '233154'
  last_name: Schnatmann
- first_name: Heike
  full_name: Wulf, Heike
  last_name: Wulf
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Schoden, Fabian
  id: '210954'
  last_name: Schoden
  orcid: 0000-0002-2481-7141
  orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0002-2481-7141/work/219771886
- first_name: Eva
  full_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva
  id: '72528'
  last_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp
  orcid: 0000-0002-3020-1343
  orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0002-3020-1343/work/219771887
citation:
  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnatmann, Anna Katharina</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wulf, Heike</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schoden,
    Fabian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Eva</span>: REpair-, REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV
    Modules—Method Development. In: <i>Sustainability</i> Bd. 18, MDPI AG (2026),
    Nr. 11'
  ama: Schnatmann AK, Wulf H, Schoden F, Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp E. REpair-, REfurbish-
    and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method Development. <i>Sustainability</i>.
    2026;18(11). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612">10.3390/su18115612</a>
  apa: Schnatmann, A. K., Wulf, H., Schoden, F., &#38; Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, E. (2026).
    REpair-, REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method
    Development. <i>Sustainability</i>, <i>18</i>(11). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612">https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schnatmann_Wulf_Schoden_Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp_2026, title={REpair-,
    REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method Development},
    volume={18}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612">10.3390/su18115612</a>},
    number={115612}, journal={Sustainability}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Schnatmann,
    Anna Katharina and Wulf, Heike and Schoden, Fabian and Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Eva}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, Heike Wulf, Fabian Schoden, and Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp.
    “REpair-, REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method
    Development.” <i>Sustainability</i> 18, no. 11 (2026). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612">https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612</a>.
  ieee: A. K. Schnatmann, H. Wulf, F. Schoden, and E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, “REpair-,
    REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method Development,”
    <i>Sustainability</i>, vol. 18, no. 11, 2026.
  mla: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, et al. “REpair-, REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability
    Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method Development.” <i>Sustainability</i>, vol.
    18, no. 11, 5612, MDPI AG, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612">10.3390/su18115612</a>.
  short: A.K. Schnatmann, H. Wulf, F. Schoden, E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Sustainability
    18 (2026).
date_created: 2026-07-06T09:22:07Z
date_updated: 2026-07-07T05:52:44Z
department:
- _id: '103'
doi: 10.3390/su18115612
intvolume: '        18'
issue: '11'
keyword:
- assessment method
- circular economy
- c-Si photovoltaics
- refurbish
- remanufacture
- repair
- R-principles
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/18/11/5612
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: 0ec202b7-cd76-11ed-89f4-a9e1a6dbdaa7
  name: Institut für Technische Energie-Systeme
publication: Sustainability
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2071-1050
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: REpair-, REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method
  Development
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: '220548'
volume: 18
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '6308'
author:
- first_name: Anna Katharina
  full_name: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina
  id: '233154'
  last_name: Schnatmann
- first_name: Eva
  full_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva
  id: '72528'
  last_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp
  orcid: 0000-0002-3020-1343
  orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0002-3020-1343/work/197450863
citation:
  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnatmann, Anna Katharina</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva</span>: Kreislauffähiges
    Photovoltaikmoduldesign - Experteninterviews mit Unternehmen aus der Recyclingbranche.
    In: <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wesselak, V.</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Institut
    für Regenerative Energietechnik - Hochschule Nordhausen</span> (Hrsg.): <i>Tagungsband
    - 8. Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz in Nordhausen</i>. Nordhausen, 2025'
  ama: 'Schnatmann AK, Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp E. Kreislauffähiges Photovoltaikmoduldesign
    - Experteninterviews mit Unternehmen aus der Recyclingbranche. In: Wesselak V,
    Institut für Regenerative Energietechnik - Hochschule Nordhausen, eds. <i>Tagungsband
    - 8. Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz in Nordhausen</i>. Nordhausen; 2025.'
  apa: Schnatmann, A. K., &#38; Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, E. (2025). Kreislauffähiges
    Photovoltaikmoduldesign - Experteninterviews mit Unternehmen aus der Recyclingbranche.
    In V. Wesselak &#38; Institut für Regenerative Energietechnik - Hochschule Nordhausen
    (Eds.), <i>Tagungsband - 8. Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz in Nordhausen</i>.
    Nordhausen.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Schnatmann_Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp_2025, place={Nordhausen},
    title={Kreislauffähiges Photovoltaikmoduldesign - Experteninterviews mit Unternehmen
    aus der Recyclingbranche}, booktitle={Tagungsband - 8. Regenerative Energietechnik
    Konferenz in Nordhausen}, author={Schnatmann, Anna Katharina and Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Eva}, editor={Wesselak, Viktor and Institut für Regenerative Energietechnik -
    Hochschule NordhausenEditors}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, and Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp. “Kreislauffähiges
    Photovoltaikmoduldesign - Experteninterviews mit Unternehmen aus der Recyclingbranche.”
    In <i>Tagungsband - 8. Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz in Nordhausen</i>,
    edited by Viktor Wesselak and Institut für Regenerative Energietechnik - Hochschule
    Nordhausen. Nordhausen, 2025.
  ieee: A. K. Schnatmann and E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, “Kreislauffähiges Photovoltaikmoduldesign
    - Experteninterviews mit Unternehmen aus der Recyclingbranche,” in <i>Tagungsband
    - 8. Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz in Nordhausen</i>, Nordhausen, 2025.
  mla: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, and Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp. “Kreislauffähiges
    Photovoltaikmoduldesign - Experteninterviews mit Unternehmen aus der Recyclingbranche.”
    <i>Tagungsband - 8. Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz in Nordhausen</i>, edited
    by Viktor Wesselak and Institut für Regenerative Energietechnik - Hochschule Nordhausen,
    2025.
  short: 'A.K. Schnatmann, E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, in: V. Wesselak, Institut für
    Regenerative Energietechnik - Hochschule Nordhausen (Eds.), Tagungsband - 8. Regenerative
    Energietechnik Konferenz in Nordhausen, Nordhausen, 2025.'
conference:
  end_date: 14.02.2025
  location: Nordhausen
  name: RET.Con 2025 - 8. Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz
  start_date: 13.02.2025
corporate_editor:
- Institut für Regenerative Energietechnik - Hochschule Nordhausen
date_created: 2025-11-20T09:41:12Z
date_updated: 2026-03-17T15:29:29Z
department:
- _id: '103'
editor:
- first_name: Viktor
  full_name: Wesselak, Viktor
  last_name: Wesselak
language:
- iso: ger
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.hs-nordhausen.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2025/07/RETCon_2025_Tagungsband.pdf
oa: '1'
place: Nordhausen
project:
- _id: 0ec202b7-cd76-11ed-89f4-a9e1a6dbdaa7
  name: Institut für Technische Energie-Systeme
publication: Tagungsband - 8. Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz in Nordhausen
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-3-940820-24-2
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Kreislauffähiges Photovoltaikmoduldesign - Experteninterviews mit Unternehmen
  aus der Recyclingbranche
type: conference
user_id: '263827'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '6284'
author:
- first_name: Lars
  full_name: Fromme, Lars
  id: '217504'
  last_name: Fromme
  orcid: 0009-0006-6675-1917
  orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0009-0006-6675-1917/work/196489937
- first_name: Linda
  full_name: Osmani, Linda
  id: '236976'
  last_name: Osmani
- first_name: Anna Katharina
  full_name: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina
  id: '233154'
  last_name: Schnatmann
citation:
  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Fromme, Lars</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Osmani,
    Linda</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnatmann, Anna Katharina</span>:
    Evaluating the Effects of EVA Degradation on Solar Cell Power Efficiency. In:
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">COMSOL AB</span> (Hrsg.): <i>Proceedings
    COMSOL Conference 2025</i>, 2025'
  ama: 'Fromme L, Osmani L, Schnatmann AK. Evaluating the Effects of EVA Degradation
    on Solar Cell Power Efficiency. In: COMSOL AB, ed. <i>Proceedings COMSOL Conference
    2025</i>. ; 2025.'
  apa: Fromme, L., Osmani, L., &#38; Schnatmann, A. K. (2025). Evaluating the Effects
    of EVA Degradation on Solar Cell Power Efficiency. In COMSOL AB (Ed.), <i>Proceedings
    COMSOL Conference 2025</i>. Amsterdam.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Fromme_Osmani_Schnatmann_2025, title={Evaluating the Effects
    of EVA Degradation on Solar Cell Power Efficiency}, booktitle={Proceedings COMSOL
    Conference 2025}, author={Fromme, Lars and Osmani, Linda and Schnatmann, Anna
    Katharina}, editor={COMSOL ABEditor}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Fromme, Lars, Linda Osmani, and Anna Katharina Schnatmann. “Evaluating
    the Effects of EVA Degradation on Solar Cell Power Efficiency.” In <i>Proceedings
    COMSOL Conference 2025</i>, edited by COMSOL AB, 2025.
  ieee: L. Fromme, L. Osmani, and A. K. Schnatmann, “Evaluating the Effects of EVA
    Degradation on Solar Cell Power Efficiency,” in <i>Proceedings COMSOL Conference
    2025</i>, Amsterdam, 2025.
  mla: Fromme, Lars, et al. “Evaluating the Effects of EVA Degradation on Solar Cell
    Power Efficiency.” <i>Proceedings COMSOL Conference 2025</i>, edited by COMSOL
    AB, 2025.
  short: 'L. Fromme, L. Osmani, A.K. Schnatmann, in: COMSOL AB (Ed.), Proceedings
    COMSOL Conference 2025, 2025.'
conference:
  end_date: 2025-10-31
  location: Amsterdam
  name: COMSOL Conference 2025
  start_date: 2025-10-29
corporate_editor:
- COMSOL AB
date_created: 2025-11-10T09:43:13Z
date_updated: 2026-03-17T15:29:28Z
department:
- _id: '103'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: 0ec202b7-cd76-11ed-89f4-a9e1a6dbdaa7
  name: Institut für Technische Energie-Systeme
publication: Proceedings COMSOL Conference 2025
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-1-7364524-3-1
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: original
    url: https://www.comsol.com/paper/evaluating-the-effects-of-eva-degradation-on-solar-cell-power-efficiency-146441
status: public
title: Evaluating the Effects of EVA Degradation on Solar Cell Power Efficiency
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '217504'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '4647'
author:
- first_name: Anna Katharina
  full_name: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina
  id: '233154'
  last_name: Schnatmann
- first_name: Eva
  full_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva
  id: '72528'
  last_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp
  orcid: 0000-0002-3020-1343
  orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0002-3020-1343/work/161194161
citation:
  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnatmann, Anna Katharina</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva</span>: Transfer
    of circular economy principles to photovoltaics by analyzing R principles. In:
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hochschule Bielefeld; IEEE PES Germany
    Chapter</span> (Hrsg.): <i>PESS 2023 – IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit</i>.
    Berlin : VDE Verlag GmbH, 2024'
  ama: 'Schnatmann AK, Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp E. Transfer of circular economy principles
    to photovoltaics by analyzing R principles. In: Hochschule Bielefeld; IEEE PES
    Germany Chapter, ed. <i>PESS 2023 – IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit</i>.
    Berlin: VDE Verlag GmbH; 2024.'
  apa: 'Schnatmann, A. K., &#38; Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, E. (2024). Transfer of circular
    economy principles to photovoltaics by analyzing R principles. In Hochschule Bielefeld;
    IEEE PES Germany Chapter (Ed.), <i>PESS 2023 – IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit</i>.
    Berlin: VDE Verlag GmbH.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Schnatmann_Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp_2024, place={Berlin}, title={Transfer
    of circular economy principles to photovoltaics by analyzing R principles}, booktitle={PESS
    2023 – IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit}, publisher={VDE Verlag GmbH}, author={Schnatmann,
    Anna Katharina and Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva}, editor={Hochschule Bielefeld;
    IEEE PES Germany ChapterEditor}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: 'Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, and Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp. “Transfer of
    Circular Economy Principles to Photovoltaics by Analyzing R Principles.” In <i>PESS
    2023 – IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit</i>, edited by Hochschule Bielefeld;
    IEEE PES Germany Chapter. Berlin: VDE Verlag GmbH, 2024.'
  ieee: A. K. Schnatmann and E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, “Transfer of circular economy
    principles to photovoltaics by analyzing R principles,” in <i>PESS 2023 – IEEE
    Power and Energy Student Summit</i>, Bielefeld, 2024.
  mla: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, and Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp. “Transfer of Circular
    Economy Principles to Photovoltaics by Analyzing R Principles.” <i>PESS 2023 –
    IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit</i>, edited by Hochschule Bielefeld; IEEE
    PES Germany Chapter, VDE Verlag GmbH, 2024.
  short: 'A.K. Schnatmann, E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, in: Hochschule Bielefeld; IEEE
    PES Germany Chapter (Ed.), PESS 2023 – IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit, VDE
    Verlag GmbH, Berlin, 2024.'
conference:
  end_date: 2023-11-17
  location: Bielefeld
  name: PESS 2023 – IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit
  start_date: 2023-11-15
corporate_editor:
- Hochschule Bielefeld; IEEE PES Germany Chapter
date_created: 2024-06-08T13:21:29Z
date_updated: 2026-03-17T15:29:04Z
department:
- _id: '103'
language:
- iso: eng
place: Berlin
project:
- _id: 0ec202b7-cd76-11ed-89f4-a9e1a6dbdaa7
  name: Institut für Technische Energie-Systeme
publication: PESS 2023 – IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-3-8007-6318-4
publication_status: published
publisher: VDE Verlag GmbH
status: public
title: Transfer of circular economy principles to photovoltaics by analyzing R principles
type: conference
user_id: '220548'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '4278'
alternative_id:
- '4385'
article_number: '958'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Anna Katharina
  full_name: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina
  id: '233154'
  last_name: Schnatmann
- first_name: Tobi
  full_name: Reimers, Tobi
  id: '248126'
  last_name: Reimers
- first_name: Erik
  full_name: Hüdepohl, Erik
  last_name: Hüdepohl
- first_name: Jonah
  full_name: Umlauf, Jonah
  last_name: Umlauf
- first_name: Pia
  full_name: Kleinebekel, Pia
  id: '243203'
  last_name: Kleinebekel
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Schoden, Fabian
  id: '210954'
  last_name: Schoden
  orcid: 0000-0002-2481-7141
  orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0002-2481-7141/work/157637471
- first_name: Eva
  full_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva
  id: '72528'
  last_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp
  orcid: 0000-0002-3020-1343
  orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0002-3020-1343/work/157637472
citation:
  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnatmann, Anna Katharina</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Reimers, Tobi</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hüdepohl,
    Erik</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Umlauf, Jonah</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kleinebekel, Pia</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schoden,
    Fabian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Eva</span>: Investigating the Technical Reuse Potential of Crystalline Photovoltaic
    Modules with Regard to a Recycling Alternative. In: <i>Sustainability</i> Bd.
    16, MDPI AG (2024), Nr. 3'
  ama: Schnatmann AK, Reimers T, Hüdepohl E, et al. Investigating the Technical Reuse
    Potential of Crystalline Photovoltaic Modules with Regard to a Recycling Alternative.
    <i>Sustainability</i>. 2024;16(3). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su16030958">10.3390/su16030958</a>
  apa: Schnatmann, A. K., Reimers, T., Hüdepohl, E., Umlauf, J., Kleinebekel, P.,
    Schoden, F., &#38; Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, E. (2024). Investigating the Technical
    Reuse Potential of Crystalline Photovoltaic Modules with Regard to a Recycling
    Alternative. <i>Sustainability</i>, <i>16</i>(3). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su16030958">https://doi.org/10.3390/su16030958</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schnatmann_Reimers_Hüdepohl_Umlauf_Kleinebekel_Schoden_Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp_2024,
    title={Investigating the Technical Reuse Potential of Crystalline Photovoltaic
    Modules with Regard to a Recycling Alternative}, volume={16}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su16030958">10.3390/su16030958</a>},
    number={3958}, journal={Sustainability}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Schnatmann,
    Anna Katharina and Reimers, Tobi and Hüdepohl, Erik and Umlauf, Jonah and Kleinebekel,
    Pia and Schoden, Fabian and Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, Tobi Reimers, Erik Hüdepohl, Jonah Umlauf,
    Pia Kleinebekel, Fabian Schoden, and Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp. “Investigating
    the Technical Reuse Potential of Crystalline Photovoltaic Modules with Regard
    to a Recycling Alternative.” <i>Sustainability</i> 16, no. 3 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su16030958">https://doi.org/10.3390/su16030958</a>.
  ieee: A. K. Schnatmann <i>et al.</i>, “Investigating the Technical Reuse Potential
    of Crystalline Photovoltaic Modules with Regard to a Recycling Alternative,” <i>Sustainability</i>,
    vol. 16, no. 3, 2024.
  mla: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, et al. “Investigating the Technical Reuse Potential
    of Crystalline Photovoltaic Modules with Regard to a Recycling Alternative.” <i>Sustainability</i>,
    vol. 16, no. 3, 958, MDPI AG, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su16030958">10.3390/su16030958</a>.
  short: A.K. Schnatmann, T. Reimers, E. Hüdepohl, J. Umlauf, P. Kleinebekel, F. Schoden,
    E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Sustainability 16 (2024).
date_created: 2024-01-25T09:19:48Z
date_updated: 2026-03-17T15:28:59Z
department:
- _id: '103'
doi: 10.3390/su16030958
intvolume: '        16'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- circular economy
- crystalline photovoltaics
- degradation
- quality management
- reuse
- second-life PV
- electroluminescence
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: 0ec202b7-cd76-11ed-89f4-a9e1a6dbdaa7
  name: Institut für Technische Energie-Systeme
publication: Sustainability
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2071-1050
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Investigating the Technical Reuse Potential of Crystalline Photovoltaic Modules
  with Regard to a Recycling Alternative
tmp:
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citation:
  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnatmann, Anna Katharina</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schoden, Fabian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ehrmann,
    Andrea</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Eva</span>: R principles for circular economy in the textile industry – a mini-review.
    In: <i>Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products</i> Bd.
    4, Sachsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und Universitatsbibliothek Dresden (2023),
    Nr. 2, S. 294–305'
  ama: Schnatmann AK, Schoden F, Ehrmann A, Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp E. R principles
    for circular economy in the textile industry – a mini-review. <i>Communications
    in Development and Assembling of Textile Products</i>. 2023;4(2):294-305. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2023.4.p295-305">10.25367/cdatp.2023.4.p295-305</a>
  apa: Schnatmann, A. K., Schoden, F., Ehrmann, A., &#38; Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, E.
    (2023). R principles for circular economy in the textile industry – a mini-review.
    <i>Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products</i>, <i>4</i>(2),
    294–305. <a href="https://doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2023.4.p295-305">https://doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2023.4.p295-305</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schnatmann_Schoden_Ehrmann_Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp_2023, title={R
    principles for circular economy in the textile industry – a mini-review}, volume={4},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2023.4.p295-305">10.25367/cdatp.2023.4.p295-305</a>},
    number={2}, journal={Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products},
    publisher={Sachsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und Universitatsbibliothek Dresden},
    author={Schnatmann, Anna Katharina and Schoden, Fabian and Ehrmann, Andrea and
    Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva}, year={2023}, pages={294–305} }'
  chicago: 'Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, Fabian Schoden, Andrea Ehrmann, and Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp.
    “R Principles for Circular Economy in the Textile Industry – a Mini-Review.” <i>Communications
    in Development and Assembling of Textile Products</i> 4, no. 2 (2023): 294–305.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2023.4.p295-305">https://doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2023.4.p295-305</a>.'
  ieee: A. K. Schnatmann, F. Schoden, A. Ehrmann, and E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, “R
    principles for circular economy in the textile industry – a mini-review,” <i>Communications
    in Development and Assembling of Textile Products</i>, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 294–305,
    2023.
  mla: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, et al. “R Principles for Circular Economy in the
    Textile Industry – a Mini-Review.” <i>Communications in Development and Assembling
    of Textile Products</i>, vol. 4, no. 2, Sachsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und
    Universitatsbibliothek Dresden, 2023, pp. 294–305, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2023.4.p295-305">10.25367/cdatp.2023.4.p295-305</a>.
  short: A.K. Schnatmann, F. Schoden, A. Ehrmann, E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Communications
    in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 4 (2023) 294–305.
date_created: 2024-01-31T15:55:32Z
date_updated: 2026-06-25T11:53:51Z
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- waste prevention
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  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnatmann, Anna Katharina</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schoden, Fabian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Eva</span>: Sustainable PV Module Design—Review of State-of-the-Art Encapsulation
    Methods. In: <i>Sustainability</i> Bd. 14, MDPI AG (2022), Nr. 16'
  ama: Schnatmann AK, Schoden F, Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp E. Sustainable PV Module Design—Review
    of State-of-the-Art Encapsulation Methods. <i>Sustainability</i>. 2022;14(16).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169971">10.3390/su14169971</a>
  apa: Schnatmann, A. K., Schoden, F., &#38; Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, E. (2022). Sustainable
    PV Module Design—Review of State-of-the-Art Encapsulation Methods. <i>Sustainability</i>,
    <i>14</i>(16). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169971">https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169971</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schnatmann_Schoden_Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp_2022, title={Sustainable
    PV Module Design—Review of State-of-the-Art Encapsulation Methods}, volume={14},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169971">10.3390/su14169971</a>}, number={169971},
    journal={Sustainability}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Schnatmann, Anna Katharina
    and Schoden, Fabian and Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva}, year={2022} }'
  chicago: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, Fabian Schoden, and Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp.
    “Sustainable PV Module Design—Review of State-of-the-Art Encapsulation Methods.”
    <i>Sustainability</i> 14, no. 16 (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169971">https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169971</a>.
  ieee: A. K. Schnatmann, F. Schoden, and E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, “Sustainable PV
    Module Design—Review of State-of-the-Art Encapsulation Methods,” <i>Sustainability</i>,
    vol. 14, no. 16, 2022.
  mla: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, et al. “Sustainable PV Module Design—Review of
    State-of-the-Art Encapsulation Methods.” <i>Sustainability</i>, vol. 14, no. 16,
    9971, MDPI AG, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169971">10.3390/su14169971</a>.
  short: A.K. Schnatmann, F. Schoden, E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Sustainability 14
    (2022).
date_created: 2022-08-30T06:47:29Z
date_updated: 2026-06-25T10:49:54Z
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doi: 10.3390/su14169971
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- sustainability
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- first_name: Tomasz
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- first_name: Hildegard
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citation:
  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schoden, Fabian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnatmann, Anna Katharina</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Blachowicz,
    Tomasz</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Manz-Schumacher, Hildegard</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva</span>: Circular
    Design Principles Applied on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. In: <i>Sustainability</i>
    Bd. 14, MDPI AG (2022), Nr. 22'
  ama: Schoden F, Schnatmann AK, Blachowicz T, Manz-Schumacher H, Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp
    E. Circular Design Principles Applied on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. <i>Sustainability</i>.
    2022;14(22). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215280">10.3390/su142215280</a>
  apa: Schoden, F., Schnatmann, A. K., Blachowicz, T., Manz-Schumacher, H., &#38;
    Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, E. (2022). Circular Design Principles Applied on Dye-Sensitized
    Solar Cells. <i>Sustainability</i>, <i>14</i>(22). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215280">https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215280</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schoden_Schnatmann_Blachowicz_Manz-Schumacher_Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp_2022,
    title={Circular Design Principles Applied on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells}, volume={14},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215280">10.3390/su142215280</a>}, number={2215280},
    journal={Sustainability}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Schoden, Fabian and Schnatmann,
    Anna Katharina and Blachowicz, Tomasz and Manz-Schumacher, Hildegard and Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Eva}, year={2022} }'
  chicago: Schoden, Fabian, Anna Katharina Schnatmann, Tomasz Blachowicz, Hildegard
    Manz-Schumacher, and Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp. “Circular Design Principles Applied
    on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.” <i>Sustainability</i> 14, no. 22 (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215280">https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215280</a>.
  ieee: F. Schoden, A. K. Schnatmann, T. Blachowicz, H. Manz-Schumacher, and E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    “Circular Design Principles Applied on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,” <i>Sustainability</i>,
    vol. 14, no. 22, 2022.
  mla: Schoden, Fabian, et al. “Circular Design Principles Applied on Dye-Sensitized
    Solar Cells.” <i>Sustainability</i>, vol. 14, no. 22, 15280, MDPI AG, 2022, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215280">10.3390/su142215280</a>.
  short: F. Schoden, A.K. Schnatmann, T. Blachowicz, H. Manz-Schumacher, E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Sustainability 14 (2022).
date_created: 2022-11-23T16:03:23Z
date_updated: 2026-06-05T08:58:08Z
department:
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doi: 10.3390/su142215280
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  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schoden, Fabian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Detzmeier, Joscha</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnatmann,
    Anna Katharina</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Blachowicz, Tomasz</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva</span>: Investigating
    the Remanufacturing Potential of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. In: <i>Sustainability</i>
    Bd. 14, MDPI AG (2022), Nr. 9'
  ama: Schoden F, Detzmeier J, Schnatmann AK, Blachowicz T, Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp
    E. Investigating the Remanufacturing Potential of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.
    <i>Sustainability</i>. 2022;14(9). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095670">10.3390/su14095670</a>
  apa: Schoden, F., Detzmeier, J., Schnatmann, A. K., Blachowicz, T., &#38; Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    E. (2022). Investigating the Remanufacturing Potential of Dye-Sensitized Solar
    Cells. <i>Sustainability</i>, <i>14</i>(9). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095670">https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095670</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schoden_Detzmeier_Schnatmann_Blachowicz_Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp_2022,
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    volume={14}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095670">10.3390/su14095670</a>},
    number={95670}, journal={Sustainability}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Schoden,
    Fabian and Detzmeier, Joscha and Schnatmann, Anna Katharina and Blachowicz, Tomasz
    and Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva}, year={2022} }'
  chicago: Schoden, Fabian, Joscha Detzmeier, Anna Katharina Schnatmann, Tomasz Blachowicz,
    and Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp. “Investigating the Remanufacturing Potential of
    Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.” <i>Sustainability</i> 14, no. 9 (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095670">https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095670</a>.
  ieee: F. Schoden, J. Detzmeier, A. K. Schnatmann, T. Blachowicz, and E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    “Investigating the Remanufacturing Potential of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,” <i>Sustainability</i>,
    vol. 14, no. 9, 2022.
  mla: Schoden, Fabian, et al. “Investigating the Remanufacturing Potential of Dye-Sensitized
    Solar Cells.” <i>Sustainability</i>, vol. 14, no. 9, 5670, MDPI AG, 2022, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095670">10.3390/su14095670</a>.
  short: F. Schoden, J. Detzmeier, A.K. Schnatmann, T. Blachowicz, E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Sustainability 14 (2022).
date_created: 2022-05-09T08:11:51Z
date_updated: 2026-06-02T07:30:07Z
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doi: 10.3390/su14095670
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- sustainability
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- first_name: Dörthe
  full_name: Knefelkamp, Dörthe
  last_name: Knefelkamp
- first_name: Anna Katharina
  full_name: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina
  id: '233154'
  last_name: Schnatmann
- first_name: Eva
  full_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva
  id: '72528'
  last_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp
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citation:
  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schoden, Fabian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Knefelkamp, Dörthe</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnatmann,
    Anna Katharina</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Eva</span>: <i>Circular Economy – Mehrwerte für Unternehmen, Bericht CirQuality
    OWL</i>, 2022'
  ama: Schoden F, Knefelkamp D, Schnatmann AK, Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp E. <i>Circular
    Economy – Mehrwerte für Unternehmen, Bericht CirQuality OWL</i>.; 2022.
  apa: Schoden, F., Knefelkamp, D., Schnatmann, A. K., &#38; Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    E. (2022). <i>Circular Economy – Mehrwerte für Unternehmen, Bericht CirQuality
    OWL</i>.
  bibtex: '@book{Schoden_Knefelkamp_Schnatmann_Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp_2022, title={Circular
    Economy – Mehrwerte für Unternehmen, Bericht CirQuality OWL}, author={Schoden,
    Fabian and Knefelkamp, Dörthe and Schnatmann, Anna Katharina and Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Eva}, year={2022} }'
  chicago: Schoden, Fabian, Dörthe Knefelkamp, Anna Katharina Schnatmann, and Eva
    Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp. <i>Circular Economy – Mehrwerte für Unternehmen, Bericht
    CirQuality OWL</i>, 2022.
  ieee: F. Schoden, D. Knefelkamp, A. K. Schnatmann, and E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    <i>Circular Economy – Mehrwerte für Unternehmen, Bericht CirQuality OWL</i>. 2022.
  mla: Schoden, Fabian, et al. <i>Circular Economy – Mehrwerte für Unternehmen, Bericht
    CirQuality OWL</i>. 2022.
  short: F. Schoden, D. Knefelkamp, A.K. Schnatmann, E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Circular
    Economy – Mehrwerte für Unternehmen, Bericht CirQuality OWL, 2022.
date_created: 2026-01-19T15:07:33Z
date_updated: 2026-03-17T15:29:30Z
department:
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  creator: fschoden
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language:
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oa: '1'
page: '24'
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Circular Economy – Mehrwerte für Unternehmen, Bericht CirQuality OWL
type: working_paper
urn: urn:nbn:de:hbz:bi10-64693
user_id: '263827'
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '6471'
author:
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Schoden, Fabian
  id: '210954'
  last_name: Schoden
  orcid: 0000-0002-2481-7141
  orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0002-2481-7141/work/202901913
- first_name: Anna Katharina
  full_name: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina
  id: '233154'
  last_name: Schnatmann
- first_name: Eva
  full_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva
  id: '72528'
  last_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp
  orcid: 0000-0002-3020-1343
  orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0002-3020-1343/work/202901914
citation:
  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schoden, Fabian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnatmann, Anna Katharina</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Eva</span>: <i>CirQuality OWL - Lösungen für eine Circular Economy</i>, 2022'
  ama: Schoden F, Schnatmann AK, Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp E. <i>CirQuality OWL - Lösungen
    für eine Circular Economy</i>.; 2022.
  apa: Schoden, F., Schnatmann, A. K., &#38; Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, E. (2022). <i>CirQuality
    OWL - Lösungen für eine Circular Economy</i>.
  bibtex: '@book{Schoden_Schnatmann_Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp_2022, title={CirQuality
    OWL - Lösungen für eine Circular Economy}, author={Schoden, Fabian and Schnatmann,
    Anna Katharina and Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva}, year={2022} }'
  chicago: Schoden, Fabian, Anna Katharina Schnatmann, and Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp.
    <i>CirQuality OWL - Lösungen für eine Circular Economy</i>, 2022.
  ieee: F. Schoden, A. K. Schnatmann, and E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, <i>CirQuality
    OWL - Lösungen für eine Circular Economy</i>. 2022.
  mla: Schoden, Fabian, et al. <i>CirQuality OWL - Lösungen für eine Circular Economy</i>.
    2022.
  short: F. Schoden, A.K. Schnatmann, E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, CirQuality OWL - Lösungen
    für eine Circular Economy, 2022.
date_created: 2026-01-19T15:12:22Z
date_updated: 2026-03-17T15:29:30Z
department:
- _id: '103'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: fschoden
  date_created: 2026-01-19T15:11:56Z
  date_updated: 2026-01-19T15:11:56Z
  file_id: '6472'
  file_name: 2022_11_25_Lösungsvorschläge.pdf
  file_size: 3060175
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-01-19T15:11:56Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: ger
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.hsbi.de/ium/ites/downloads/cirquality-owl-loesungen-fuer-eine-circular-economy
oa: '1'
page: '19'
publication_status: published
status: public
title: CirQuality OWL - Lösungen für eine Circular Economy
type: working_paper
urn: urn:nbn:de:hbz:bi10-64718
user_id: '263827'
year: '2022'
...
---
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  id: '233154'
  last_name: Schnatmann
- first_name: Emma
  full_name: Davies, Emma
  last_name: Davies
- first_name: Dirk
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- first_name: Tomasz
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  last_name: Blachowicz
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citation:
  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schoden, Fabian</span> ; <span
    style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnatmann, Anna Katharina</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Davies,
    Emma</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Diederich, Dirk</span> ;
    <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Storck, Jan Lukas</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Knefelkamp,
    Dörthe</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Blachowicz, Tomasz</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva</span>: Investigating
    the Recycling Potential of Glass Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells—Melting Experiment.
    In: <i>Materials</i> Bd. 14, MDPI AG (2021), Nr. 21'
  ama: Schoden F, Schnatmann AK, Davies E, et al. Investigating the Recycling Potential
    of Glass Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells—Melting Experiment. <i>Materials</i>.
    2021;14(21). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216622">10.3390/ma14216622</a>
  apa: Schoden, F., Schnatmann, A. K., Davies, E., Diederich, D., Storck, J. L., Knefelkamp,
    D., … Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, E. (2021). Investigating the Recycling Potential
    of Glass Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells—Melting Experiment. <i>Materials</i>,
    <i>14</i>(21). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216622">https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216622</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schoden_Schnatmann_Davies_Diederich_Storck_Knefelkamp_Blachowicz_Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp_2021,
    title={Investigating the Recycling Potential of Glass Based Dye-Sensitized Solar
    Cells—Melting Experiment}, volume={14}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216622">10.3390/ma14216622</a>},
    number={216622}, journal={Materials}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Schoden, Fabian
    and Schnatmann, Anna Katharina and Davies, Emma and Diederich, Dirk and Storck,
    Jan Lukas and Knefelkamp, Dörthe and Blachowicz, Tomasz and Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Eva}, year={2021} }'
  chicago: Schoden, Fabian, Anna Katharina Schnatmann, Emma Davies, Dirk Diederich,
    Jan Lukas Storck, Dörthe Knefelkamp, Tomasz Blachowicz, and Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp.
    “Investigating the Recycling Potential of Glass Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells—Melting
    Experiment.” <i>Materials</i> 14, no. 21 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216622">https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216622</a>.
  ieee: F. Schoden <i>et al.</i>, “Investigating the Recycling Potential of Glass
    Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells—Melting Experiment,” <i>Materials</i>, vol. 14,
    no. 21, 2021.
  mla: Schoden, Fabian, et al. “Investigating the Recycling Potential of Glass Based
    Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells—Melting Experiment.” <i>Materials</i>, vol. 14, no.
    21, 6622, MDPI AG, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216622">10.3390/ma14216622</a>.
  short: F. Schoden, A.K. Schnatmann, E. Davies, D. Diederich, J.L. Storck, D. Knefelkamp,
    T. Blachowicz, E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Materials 14 (2021).
date_created: 2021-11-09T13:51:14Z
date_updated: 2026-06-02T07:30:07Z
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