{"doi":"10.57720/4661","publication_status":"published","user_id":"263827","has_accepted_license":"1","oa":"1","date_created":"2024-06-10T17:01:22Z","file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_name":"Development of a Special COMSOL Interface Based on an Alternative Model for Bentonite Re-Saturation.pdf","file_size":1108802,"file_id":"6389","creator":"lfromme1","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2025-12-09T15:53:06Z","date_updated":"2025-12-09T15:53:06Z","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Development of a Special COMSOL® Interface Based on an Alternative Model for Bentonite Re-Saturation","abstract":[{"text":"Bentonite is a versatile material that is, among other things, envisaged in most countries worldwide for use in\r\nradioactive waste repositories to protect the waste canisters against groundwater. The saturation process of\r\nbentonite is commonly described with thermo-hydro-mechanically (THM) coupled models. As an alternative to\r\nthe formulations in these THM models, a thermo-hydraulically coupled saturation model for confined conditions\r\nhas been developed and realized for 1D-problems in the FORTRAN code VIPER. To enhance the possible range\r\nof applications of code VIPER, a new interface has been developed using the COMSOL® Physics Builder. The\r\nresulting VIPER interface can be used like a native COMSOL® interface. At first, a COMSOL® model based solely\r\non the VIPER interface has been set up that matches an isothermal water uptake test performed at GRS. After\r\nsuccessfully completing this step, further terms in the balance equation as well as equations of state were added\r\nwhich are required for calculating non-isothermal water transport in the bentonite. Furthermore, a full coupling of\r\nthe VIPER interface with the native Heat Transfer in Porous Media interface has been realized. The new coupling\r\nhas been checked based on temperature and humidity measurements from the FEBEX in-situ experiment\r\nperformed at the Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland. The FEBEX experiment was intended to represent the initial\r\nphase of storage of heat-producing nuclear waste where canister-like heaters were installed inside compacted\r\nbentonite blocks and emplaced in a tunnel in the granitic rock. Wetting of the bentonite buffer was provided by\r\nthe quite strongly water conducting host rock. Measured and simulated temperature evolution as well as wetting\r\ndynamics in the buffer were found to match satisfyingly well. The work presented here allows for the application\r\nof the alternative re-saturation concept to a wide range of three-dimensional problems not applicable to the original\r\ncode VIPER. Also, the process of creating, testing, and implementing an own COMSOL® interface using the\r\nPhysics Builder is illustrated in this context.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"4661","citation":{"ama":"Kröhn M, Fromme L. Development of a Special COMSOL® Interface Based on an Alternative Model for Bentonite Re-Saturation. In: <i>COMSOL Conference 2023 User Presentations</i>. ; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.57720/4661\">10.57720/4661</a>","apa":"Kröhn, M., &#38; Fromme, L. (2023). Development of a Special COMSOL® Interface Based on an Alternative Model for Bentonite Re-Saturation. In <i>COMSOL Conference 2023 User Presentations</i>. Munich. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.57720/4661\">https://doi.org/10.57720/4661</a>","alphadin":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Kröhn, Michael</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Fromme, Lars</span>: Development of a Special COMSOL® Interface Based on an Alternative Model for Bentonite Re-Saturation. In: <i>COMSOL Conference 2023 User Presentations</i>, 2023","ieee":"M. Kröhn and L. Fromme, “Development of a Special COMSOL® Interface Based on an Alternative Model for Bentonite Re-Saturation,” in <i>COMSOL Conference 2023 User Presentations</i>, Munich, 2023.","mla":"Kröhn, Michael, and Lars Fromme. “Development of a Special COMSOL® Interface Based on an Alternative Model for Bentonite Re-Saturation.” <i>COMSOL Conference 2023 User Presentations</i>, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.57720/4661\">10.57720/4661</a>.","chicago":"Kröhn, Michael, and Lars Fromme. “Development of a Special COMSOL® Interface Based on an Alternative Model for Bentonite Re-Saturation.” In <i>COMSOL Conference 2023 User Presentations</i>, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.57720/4661\">https://doi.org/10.57720/4661</a>.","short":"M. Kröhn, L. Fromme, in: COMSOL Conference 2023 User Presentations, 2023.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Kröhn_Fromme_2023, title={Development of a Special COMSOL® Interface Based on an Alternative Model for Bentonite Re-Saturation}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.57720/4661\">10.57720/4661</a>}, booktitle={COMSOL Conference 2023 User Presentations}, author={Kröhn, Michael and Fromme, Lars}, year={2023} }"},"publication":"COMSOL Conference 2023 User Presentations","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2023","department":[{"_id":"103"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"type":"conference","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"author":[{"full_name":"Kröhn, Michael","last_name":"Kröhn","first_name":"Michael"},{"orcid_put_code_url":"https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0009-0006-6675-1917/work/161455043","last_name":"Fromme","first_name":"Lars","orcid":"0009-0006-6675-1917","full_name":"Fromme, Lars","id":"217504"}],"file_date_updated":"2025-12-09T15:53:06Z","urn":"urn:nbn:de:hbz:bi10-46619","conference":{"start_date":"2023-10-25","location":"Munich","name":"COMSOL Conference","end_date":"2023-10-27"},"date_updated":"2025-12-10T07:36:54Z","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://www.comsol.com/paper/development-of-a-special-comsol-interface-based-on-an-alternative-model-for-bent-123261","relation":"original"}]},"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-1-7364524-1-7"]},"status":"public"}