---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - "                    Background - \r\n                    Cognitive behavioral
    therapy (CBT) is one of the most widely established treatments for mental disorders
    in children and adolescents and is empirically supported across a wide range of
    disorders, including evidence from routine care. However, evidence on long-term
    maintenance of effects in routine outpatient care is still limited, particularly
    across diagnostic groups. This study examines the long-term, cross-diagnostic
    effectiveness of CBT in children and adolescents treated under routine outpatient
    care conditions.\r\n                  <br />\r\n                    Methods -
    \r\n                    Analyses are based on pre-existing routine outcome monitoring
    data from 1225 patients (mean age = 14.00 years, SD = 3.24) receiving CBT, collected
    between 2017 and 2025. Symptoms were assessed using the parent- and patient-reported
    Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at pre-treatment, post-treatment
    and at 6-, 12- and 24-month follow-ups. Additional self-rated treatment-success
    ratings were collected at follow-up (covering expectations fulfilled, perceived
    helpfulness, problem recurrence and perceived change). Effectiveness was described
    using group means as well as clinical significance. Pre- to post- and pre- to
    follow-up changes were analysed using paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Associations
    between follow-up SDQ scores and self-rated treatment success were examined using
    partial Spearman correlations controlling for baseline SDQ.\r\n                  <br
    />\r\n                    Results - \r\n                    \r\n                      Across
    both parent- and patient-reported SDQ assessments, total difficulties and problem
    subscales showed significant improvements from pre- to post-treatment and from
    pre-treatment to all follow-up time points. Effect sizes were consistently moderate-to-large\r\n
    \                     (\r\n                      r_rb = 0.59–0.77), with sustained
    effects up to 24 months. Higher follow-up SDQ difficulties were associated with
    lower self-rated treatment success across multiple follow-up ratings, with strongest
    associations observed for problem recurrence and change compared to before treatment.
    Sensitivity analyses restricted to participants in the clinical range at baseline
    (SDQ ≥ 17) yielded consistent results.\r\n                    \r\n                  <br
    />\r\n                    Conclusions - \r\n                    Routine outpatient
    CBT for children and adolescents was associated with meaningful symptom improvements
    that persisted up to two years after treatment. Clinically significant change
    analyses indicated that while many patients showed reliable improvement, a substantial
    proportion remained classified as unchanged according to conservative criteria.
    Subjective follow-up ratings were consistent with standardized symptom outcomes,
    supporting the perceived durability of treatment success under routine care conditions
    in a diagnostically heterogeneous sample.\r\n                  @eng"
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Matthis Michael
      foaf_name: Hüwelmeier, Matthis Michael
      foaf_surname: Hüwelmeier
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Lena
      foaf_name: Staniczek, Lena
      foaf_surname: Staniczek
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Silvia
      foaf_name: Schneider, Silvia
      foaf_surname: Schneider
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Xiao Chi
      foaf_name: Zhang, Xiao Chi
      foaf_surname: Zhang
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: André
      foaf_name: Wannemüller, André
      foaf_surname: Wannemüller
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Gerrit
      foaf_name: Hirschfeld, Gerrit
      foaf_surname: Hirschfeld
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=234690
    orcid: 0000-0003-2143-4564
    orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0003-2143-4564/work/216243758
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Karen
      foaf_name: Krause, Karen
      foaf_surname: Krause
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Sören
      foaf_name: Friedrich, Sören
      foaf_surname: Friedrich
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Ruth
      foaf_name: von Brachel, Ruth
      foaf_surname: von Brachel
  bibo_doi: 10.1186/s40359-026-04667-3
  bibo_issue: '1'
  bibo_volume: 14
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/2050-7283
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC@
  dct_title: Long-term effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for children
    and adolescents in routine care@
...