---
_id: '7037'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The development of resource-efficient products based on a comprehensive assessment
    of the R-principles is becoming increasingly important in the context of the Eco-Design
    Regulation. However, there is no basis for assessing c-Si photovoltaic modules
    in the context of REpair, REfurbish, and REmanufacture. The aim of this study
    is therefore to create an assessment basis including a definition framework and
    a selection of priority parts. The results are a basic functional and structural
    analysis, an initial catalog of criteria for a semi-quantitative assessment method,
    and a weighting of priority parts. It becomes clear that individual cells and
    connection components are particularly relevant for REpair and REfurbish. For
    REmanufacture, attention should be paid to the entirety of the cells, the frame,
    and the glass. Overall, a method is created that, in application, lays the foundation
    for a sustainable product design of photovoltaic modules improved for the circular
    economy and can be further optimized.              '
article_number: '5612'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Anna Katharina
  full_name: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina
  id: '233154'
  last_name: Schnatmann
- first_name: Heike
  full_name: Wulf, Heike
  last_name: Wulf
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Schoden, Fabian
  id: '210954'
  last_name: Schoden
  orcid: 0000-0002-2481-7141
  orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0002-2481-7141/work/219771886
- first_name: Eva
  full_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva
  id: '72528'
  last_name: Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp
  orcid: 0000-0002-3020-1343
  orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0002-3020-1343/work/219771887
citation:
  alphadin: '<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schnatmann, Anna Katharina</span>
    ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Wulf, Heike</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schoden,
    Fabian</span> ; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Eva</span>: REpair-, REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV
    Modules—Method Development. In: <i>Sustainability</i> Bd. 18, MDPI AG (2026),
    Nr. 11'
  ama: Schnatmann AK, Wulf H, Schoden F, Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp E. REpair-, REfurbish-
    and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method Development. <i>Sustainability</i>.
    2026;18(11). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612">10.3390/su18115612</a>
  apa: Schnatmann, A. K., Wulf, H., Schoden, F., &#38; Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, E. (2026).
    REpair-, REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method
    Development. <i>Sustainability</i>, <i>18</i>(11). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612">https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schnatmann_Wulf_Schoden_Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp_2026, title={REpair-,
    REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method Development},
    volume={18}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612">10.3390/su18115612</a>},
    number={115612}, journal={Sustainability}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Schnatmann,
    Anna Katharina and Wulf, Heike and Schoden, Fabian and Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp,
    Eva}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, Heike Wulf, Fabian Schoden, and Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp.
    “REpair-, REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method
    Development.” <i>Sustainability</i> 18, no. 11 (2026). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612">https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612</a>.
  ieee: A. K. Schnatmann, H. Wulf, F. Schoden, and E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, “REpair-,
    REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method Development,”
    <i>Sustainability</i>, vol. 18, no. 11, 2026.
  mla: Schnatmann, Anna Katharina, et al. “REpair-, REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability
    Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method Development.” <i>Sustainability</i>, vol.
    18, no. 11, 5612, MDPI AG, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115612">10.3390/su18115612</a>.
  short: A.K. Schnatmann, H. Wulf, F. Schoden, E. Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Sustainability
    18 (2026).
date_created: 2026-07-06T09:22:07Z
date_updated: 2026-07-07T05:52:44Z
department:
- _id: '103'
doi: 10.3390/su18115612
intvolume: '        18'
issue: '11'
keyword:
- assessment method
- circular economy
- c-Si photovoltaics
- refurbish
- remanufacture
- repair
- R-principles
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/18/11/5612
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: 0ec202b7-cd76-11ed-89f4-a9e1a6dbdaa7
  name: Institut für Technische Energie-Systeme
publication: Sustainability
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2071-1050
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: REpair-, REfurbish- and REmanufacture-Ability Assessment of c-Si PV Modules—Method
  Development
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: '220548'
volume: 18
year: '2026'
...