---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - "                  This paper examines how biophilic design intersects with the
    Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) amid disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic,
    considering human–nature interactions as an individual-scale link between well-being
    and sustainability. Biophilic design—the integration of natural elements into
    the built environment—reflects well-being through human–nature interactions and
    connects social–ecological system dynamics and sustainability interdependencies.
    Drawing on evidence that pandemic-induced psychological stressors transformed
    people–environment relations, this study developed a conceptual framework linking
    selected SDG targets to the 14 biophilic design patterns and examined these relationships
    using data from a Europe-wide survey conducted in early 2023. It complements research
    on SDG interdependencies, which is mainly conducted at the system or policy level,
    by introducing individual experiences. NMI analysis identified a central cluster
    of strong statistical interdependencies among SDGs related to energy efficiency
    (SDG 7), infrastructure (SDG 9), and resource use (SDG 12), while SDGs associated
    with cities (SDG 11) and terrestrial ecosystems (SDG 15) showed weaker and more
    diffuse interdependencies. The observed interdependencies were strongest for SDGs
    represented by survey variables that reflect direct, everyday experiences of the
    built environment, such as indoor environmental quality, access to natural light,
    ventilation, contact with vegetation, and the use of natural materials, whereas
    SDGs represented by indirect or broader ecological dimensions exhibited weaker
    statistical associations. Not all conceptually linked SDGs were reflected equally
    in individual experiences; only a subset of potential interdependencies showed
    strong statistical—association. This study demonstrates that the pattern of SDG
    interdependencies depends on the analytical scale at which sustainability is examined.
    The study reinforces the value of the SDG framework as an analytical structure
    for sustainability science, enabling interdisciplinary investigations of complex
    interactions among environmental, social, and built-environment dimensions beyond
    policy implementation assessment.\r\n                @eng"
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Kalterina
      foaf_name: Shulla, Kalterina
      foaf_surname: Shulla
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=256375
    orcid: 0000-0002-1455-1140
    orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0002-1455-1140/work/225564490
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Walter Leal
      foaf_name: Filho, Walter Leal
      foaf_surname: Filho
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Salim
      foaf_name: Lardjane, Salim
      foaf_surname: Lardjane
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Giuseppe
      foaf_name: Scandone, Giuseppe
      foaf_surname: Scandone
  bibo_doi: 10.3390/su18178966
  bibo_issue: '17'
  bibo_volume: 18
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/2071-1050
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: MDPI AG@
  dct_title: Biophilic Design, Human Well-Being, and SDG Interactions in the Context
    of COVID-19@
...