---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Birefringence describes the optical properties of optically anisotropic or chiral
    materials. As linear birefringence is a measure of anisotropy in the structure
    of a glass or a polymer, stress induced in glasses or polymers can be measured
    by stress birefringence. Interestingly, this effect can also be found in 3D-printed
    materials, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF)- or stereolithography (SLA)-printed
    objects, for some materials or material blends. Here, we report birefringence
    measurements on 3D-printed translucent objects, performed using a microscope with
    crossed polarizers as well as large-scale crossed polarizers, and show visual
    differences between macroscopic and microscopic effects.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Johannes
      foaf_name: Fiedler, Johannes
      foaf_surname: Fiedler
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Tomasz
      foaf_name: Blachowicz, Tomasz
      foaf_surname: Blachowicz
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Andrea
      foaf_name: Ehrmann, Andrea
      foaf_surname: Ehrmann
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=223776
    orcid: 0000-0003-0695-3905
    orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0003-0695-3905/work/228416699
  bibo_doi: 10.3390/engproc2026156003
  bibo_issue: '1'
  bibo_volume: 156
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: MDPI@
  dct_subject:
  - linear birefringence
  - 3D printing
  - fused filament fabrication (FFF)
  - stereolithography (SLA)
  - crossed polarizers
  dct_title: Birefringent Properties of 3D-Printed Polymers@
...